Book review of a business book Essay

That is he tries to bring forth the beleaguered and tricky person. Moreover he is not in favour of the lady towards the time of her distracted conditions. Martha’s life, as opened up by Byron, is an embodiment of perfection and that was embedded in the routine work of the company, Martha Inc. In short, the author personifies Martha as a shrewd business shot in the beginning, yet as a shattered woman, towards the end of the article. Thus there inculcates a mixture of positive as well as negative approaches to Marha Inc. The author portrays Martha as a conjurer in the sense that she can be seen doing so many things enthusiastically as well as pleasurably. According to him, this lady was rarely interested in anything, but her company activities. Martha Stewart’s enduring triumph is due to her flair and aptitude and also due to the confidence in herself. The endeavor of this dedicated worker through out her life was to make people understand the devices for formulating a good way of living. Even when she was on the summit of her glory, she was not ready for respite. She tried to instill in the minds of people about the prospects of business. She has created cryptic guidelines of converting the hardships into sequins thereby erecting a magnificent domain. Martha’s company is presented as a unique one in the sense that it is easily accessible to the lay men as well. Moreover, she considered herself as a transmitter of ideas, besides being a formulator. This may be the reason for the team spirit of the members of her projects who slither along with her in all her activities. Although Byron has great appreciation for Martha, he has foresightedly mentioned in his book that this great business woman was the victim of utmost bad circumstances that too at a time when she was at her best. However she is regarded as a gorgeous know-how industrialist, even among the people who jeer at her. In contriving business techniques, Martha was a tornado who was flotsam and jetsam in speaking, yet rough in going to any extent to reach destiny. Martha’s example shows that she had given more flexibility and freedom to her group to implement plans of each of them. Stewart keeps apart her time mainly for gathering her crew for discussing plans for the further improving of the business. The group is provided with opportunities for initiating their ideas, if any. At the same time, Martha is prepared to dive into matters if they need the touch of an authoritarian hand. The success of Stewart’s venture may be due to the fact that she had given ample freedom to team members to be the part and parcel of what they were working with. But later this openness itself acted as a decisive feature in the collapse of the Martha Inc. She had a craving for commanding everything, that too in an amicable manner. Martha had to confront with many problems in the later period of her business life. But unlikely, in the midst of the boisterous escalation of topical years, she declined to keep an eye on each and every element. Even at the crucial time when her business was under threat of collapse, she was in a mood to instill inspiration in her customers and thereby obtained their confidence. The thespian rise of Martha Inc. at the early stages can be attributed to the single personality of Martha Stewart. Martha Inc. had many foes in the business field. But before the magnanimous personality of its contriver, they were all dwarfs. The lady had her centre of activities not only in the business field but in other activities like literary, television and also in domestic activities. For this she had given the members of her organization ample latitude to trance up and implement their own thoughts. She had the optimism when she advocated that she had permeated Martha Inc. with a fabulous quantity of her resilience and arty beliefs (Brady, 2000). Later Martha undergoes trial for securities scam and also faces impediment for righteousness. The after effect of this was adverse for business associates who campaign various projects of Martha Inc. The value of the shares of company had fallen, those who had business dealings with Martha Inc. set ways apart and there was also considerable decrease in the income from her publications. The demand for her television shows became sluggish. The company, Martha Inc. ’s deterioration may be regarded as an exceptional instance in which the roomy perilous aspects stood as an obstacle on the path of the company’s future development. Because she was convicted, the shareholders of her company met with a loss and the whole thing affected the reputation of the firm. In the inevitable circumstance when the company showed inefficiency, Martha could remain as a scrupulous conniver. Studies show that, in spite of the brave foot steps she had taken to flourish her business domain, she was an interloper to the business world. Stewart doomed to be the butt of the system she zealously resorted to. The same social systems that hitherto acknowledged her ways began to look at her as if she were a downtrodden. For the triumph of any company the stability of those who work for it is very much required. Here Martha Stewart’s capabilities, labor, individuality and leadership has worked as the decisive factors in bringing the staff together. The crew realized that there will be the undesirable outcome on the trade, in case there is any unconstructive market or industry acuity or if the full fledged activities of Martha dwindle. The company’s progress can be attributed not to one factor. It had the strong hold up of the brands and their worth. Besides, it owes to the leader for her unstained reputation and civic icon in her. Martha Inc . had kept top precedence on those who work for it and reassured frankness, equal opportunity and accountability and thus entirely exploited their skills. A healthy competition leads to healthy spirit for the improvement of any company. Whenever there appears a tuff competitor in front, one will be in a hurry to grab fresh situations (Gross, 2003). Recruiters must take a special wager in the firm’s success before anticipating treading up the salver. Reference Brady, D. January 17, 2000. Martha Inc. Inside the growing empire of America’s lifestyle queen. Available: http://www. businessweek. com/2000/00_03/b3664001. htm. Accessed on October 1, 2008. Byron, C. 2003. Martha Inc. : The Incredible Story of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. London: Frank Cass (UK). Gross, D. June 5, 2003. Martha the Oracle Available: www. slate. com/id/2084026/ -. Accessed on October 1, 2008.

Can We Speak of a ‘Classless Society’

Can we speak of a ‘classless society’? Stratification is a concept we are faced with on a daily basis, whether it is a conscious or subconscious element of our lives. Class has been a dominant form of stratification in traditional views of society, but man’s evolution in thought, behaviour, outlook, organization and culture has led to critical criticism questioning the very existence of class itself: Does class still exist? Can we speak of a ‘classless society’? Analysing the role that class does or doesn’t play in modern society is interesting because we are our very own sources.Through first hand experiences of class we can determine the role it plays in our everyday lives. Class can be viewed both subjectively depending on how we think of ourselves, or objectively dealing with how we are structurally located in society. (Milner, 1999) Therefore, combining our subjective, micro-level understanding of class with a macro-level, objective analys is of class, we can determine the degree to which class persists in modern society. The idea of stratification and class will continuously persist as it provides a foundation for organization and identity in society.Although the word ‘class’ will never die, the traditional role class plays in society has certainly died. ‘Social Class’ is the class of today; it has followed the death of the rigid, traditional and intolerant class of yesterday. Today people are more empowered and can take control of their social standing, an idea supported with the current social mobility and emergence of the middle class. ‘Social class’ classifies people in terms of gender, ethnicity, race, age, culture etc. Naturally, economic class continues to play its role in society, but it does so in harmony with other aspects of ‘social class. Class is disintegrating because people are becoming more individualistic. What matters today is how people see themselves, a s opposed to how they are viewed by society. (Pakulski, et al. , 1996). Traditionally, society consisted of inherited classifications between masters and slaves, and lords and peasants etc. , which constituted the ‘natural’ way of association. There are certain parts of the world where people still live by their inherited class. In India for example there is a Caste System, in which every individual is categorized into divisions (colour, ancestors, rank).There are four main castes with various sub-castes and each have a large amount sub castes within them, furthermore outside the caste system are the ‘Untouchables’ who are oppressed and viewed as impure all the time. The four main castes: Brahmins–priests Kshatryas–warriors Vaishyas–traders Shudras–laborers A significant classical view of class is that of Marx. His traditional view of class contained two distinct classes: Bourgeoisie or the capitalist class, who own their own mea ns of production, and the Proletariat or working class, who own their own labour. Marx, et al. , 1848) Exploitation between these two social groupings in the capitalist production process defined Marxist class (Pakulski, et al. , 1996). The Marxist view is ‘real’ and ‘objective, furthermore its concerned with the different strata as a whole rather than the individuals within them (Saunders, P. 1990). For Marx, social power was achieved purely through economic class. He viewed class as a rigid and positional aspect of society. Hence, his interpretations of class failed to account for the fluidity of modern class.Conversely, Weber’s view of class is much more synonymous with the role class plays in modern society. He looks at class in terms of the cultural and social roles it plays in society and focuses more on stratification through consumption rather than production. (Pakulski, et al. , 1996) He juxtaposes class as an economic relation with class as a soci al relation, unlike Marx who predominantly focused on economic class. Weber analysed class in terms of status and stratification in the light of: property, ownership, occupational skills, religion, legal rights, lifestyle and consumption.This view of class is still relevant in today’s society and therefore Weber’s view of class is not wholly classified under the ‘dead’ or dated outlook on class. Weber did also look at class in terms of economic relations and the possessions of economic goods, as well as market position. He believed that life chances are determined by how one is positioned in the market. (Weber, 1922) This relates to the Indian Caste systems where members of a high caste (Brahmans) enjoy more wealth and opportunities; members of a low caste (untouchables) perform unwanted menial jobs.The ‘Untouchables’ being the lowest stratum are regarded as underprivileged, demoralized and ‘backward’, hence given the jobs such as sweeping, garbage collector and regarded as impure individuals- the idea that once they touch another individual there needs to be a cleansing as the ‘untouchables’ are ‘dirty’. Individuals were relatively powerless, as they could not acquire wealth or status through changing position in a market place. Today, however, hard work and merit allows for social mobility and people have a stronger influence over their position in society. Milner, 1999) Having said that, some individuals do not get the opportunity of social mobility- due to the fact that they are either uneducated or the fact that they do not have the right social networks.Gandhi named the Untouchables â€Å"Harijians† (Children of God)- by doing this he tried upward mobility by trying to elevate their status through different means (befriending and eating with the impure). ‘Underclass’ in general tend to suffer multiple deprevisation, as they are dependent on state welfare (i f given) and have low levels of education hence making it harder for upward mobility (Saunders, P. 990) Social mobility and individual control over social standing has been greatly strengthened through the modern preoccupation with education. The increased priority given to exposing larger proportions of society to education has empowered individuals, allowing them to use their educations as a tool to overcome ‘class’ barriers. Overall, the ability to move up and down the social ladder in present day society makes class that is classified purely in an economic sense irrelevant. Economic’ class is no longer a steady, inherited, and ‘life-long’, concrete concept, as people can change their economic standing within their own life span or across generations. The concept of the ‘middle class’ has also arisen through the idea of social mobility and empowerment through education, and does not concur with Marx’s traditional view of class. Today, the ‘proletariat’ of traditional Marxism is being replaced by machinery as the advancement in technology has made some manual work redundant.Furthermore, the idea that many modern companies do not solely rely on legal ownership of a company, but instead hire people due to technical competence, gives people the opportunity to hold managerial positions that have a lot of power. This is the idea of recruitment via ‘meritocrality’ and hints at the death of classical conventions of class. Therefore, the idea of objective class being defined as the relationship between the ownership and non-ownership of productive resources has greatly dissolved (Lee, et al. , 1996).Having said that in India the opportunity of mobility is limited it all comes down to the status, power or class of the individual- this is due to the fact that India is still developing and full of politics, an individual would have to have the right connections in order to do or acquire anyt hing but most important factor in accomplishing anything in India would be money. Furthermore if an individual is a Shudras they would have less capital compared to the Brahmans, hence decreasing their chance of opportunities they can take.Within the Indian caste system most people remain in one caste their entire life and marry within their caste. Although class is viewed differently today, it does not necessarily mean that modern views of class are more ‘equitable. ’ In fact, there is still a strong lack of equity within the different classifications of gender, ethnicity, sexuality etc; furthermore there are parts of the world where class is a vital aspect in their everyday life and interaction. The difference being that in contemporary society people are more attached to individualist and consumerist forms of discrimination and inequality.It can be said that today consumption is more important than production, class is no longer a ‘lifetime experience’, but instead thought about as an ‘individual biography’, and exclusion from the labour market is the more appropriate way to think about poverty. Although the concept of class is ever-present, the objective and subjective role it plays in society has been greatly transformed within the western society, thereby accounting for the death of classical class theories.Having said that India could never be a classless society as people are not acting constructively to escape class divisions, this is due to the fact that most ‘underclass’ cannot undergo upward mobility, as they do not have the opportunity or resources. Class is a social relationship that invades each individual’s lives. There has been a death of traditional class within the western society as individuals are acting constructively to escape class divisions and go towards a classless society, however an evolved definition of class continues to dominate the 21st century.Bibliography Saunders, P. 1990. Social Class and Stratification, USA, Rutledge. Pakulski J and Malcolm W. (1996) The Death of Class. London: Sage. Milner, A. (1999) Class. London: Sage. Weber, M. [1922] ‘Class, Status and Party. ’ Extract from Economy and Society in W. G. Runciman [ed. ] (1978) Max Weber: Selections in Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 43-56. Giddens, A. (1994) Beyond Left and Right. Cambridge: Polity. Pp. 139-48 Marx, K. and Engels, F. [1848] ‘Bourgeois and proletarians’, section 1 of The Communist Manifesto, in D. McLellan [ed. ] (1977) Karl Marx: Selected Writings. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. 222-231. Prandy, K. 2002. Ideal Types, Stereotypes and Class. The British Journal of Sociology, Volume 53 number 4, page14. Brahman. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 06, 2010, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/77093/Brahman â€Å"Harijans. † The Columbia Encyclopedia, S ixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved October 06, 2010 from Encyclopedia. com: http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1E1-Harijans. html

Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication

Communicating with patients The New Medicine Service (and MURs) provides a formal opportunity for pharmacists to communicate with patients on a one-to-one basis about their medicines and underlying medical condition(s). The NMS permits the interventions to be done either as a face-to-face appointment or via telephone. Careful consideration must be given as to which of these communication methods is adopted by the pharmacy as each method brings its own advantages and disadvantages. Although face-to-face communication would be the preferred method of conducting an intervention, it is likely that elephone interventions will be used by most pharmacies at some stage. This brief guide will help you and your staff communicate more effectively when using the telephone as part of the NMS. The words we use make up less than 10% of the way we communicate in a face-toface situation, with the way we say these words (paralinguistics) and body language making up the remaining percentage. When you a re dealing with someone over the telephone you cannot see them, which deprives you of most of the information you would normally have about the other person (body language, eye contact etc). Related article: Disadvantages of Aquatic PlantsYou can base your judgements only on the words you can hear and the way they are being said, which can sometimes present challenges. Advantages and disadvantages Some of the advantages and disadvantages of telephone communication are: Telephone communication Advantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ ofteneasiertoreachsomeonebyphone than by trying to arrange to see them in person; more convenient for patients †¢ morelikelytosucceedincontacting someone – especially if a time / date has been agreed (few people are able to ignore the telephone and leave it ringing) telephoneconversationsare,onaverage, shorter than face-to-face conversations as it’s easier to control the conversation and take the initiative. Disadvantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ it’smoredifficulttoestablisharapporton the telephone, as you don’t have all the visual signals that help you to get on the â€Å"same waveleng th† as the other person †¢ whenphoningsomeoneit’spossibleto intrude at an inconvenient time and not realise it †¢ it’seasytoassumethatyouhavetheother person’s undivided attention †¢ youaremorelikelytogetdistractedand let your attention wander itismoredifficulttoavoid misunderstandings – you cannot use visual behaviour to get feedback on whether your message has been understood or if there are things left unsaid †¢ somethingsareimpossibletocheckover the telephone such as inhaler techniques †¢ youaremorelikelytobelieveyoucando other things at the same time as using the telephone – DON’T! Voice matching Thefirstthreesecondsofaphonecall are important, as this is when the other person makes a judgement about the caller. When making an outgoing call listen to the pitch, speed, volume and tone of the other erson’svoicewhentheyfirstspeakandtry to â€Å"match† it. Matching is a good way of building rapport , which can otherwise be difficultoverthetelephone,andmakesthe other person feel more comfortable. Tips for effective telephone interventions Opening the conversation NMS intervention Introduce yourself clearly and ask to speak to the patient using their preferred title / name. Check it’s still convenient to speak to the patient. If the patient is concerned about disclosing sensitive personal information over the telephone and cannot besatisfiedthatthecallerisringingfrom he pharmacy he / she may contact the pharmacy directly instead. Explain in a clear, simple manner the purpose of the call – check the patient understands the nature of the NMS and the reasons for the discussion. Youshouldalsoconfirmconsentatthis stage. Inform the patient you will be asking a series of questions about their new medicines and that you will be making notes as you go along. Listen to the patient’s responses as you work though the questions – resist the temptation to interrupt . Demonstrate you are listening by making noises such as â€Å"um†, â€Å"yes†, and â€Å"really†.Use assertive behaviour to stay in control of the call – use open / closed questions as appropriate (open questions invite detailed answers whereas closed questions invite single word answers). Body language Body language, even though it can’t be seen, can affect our voice when on the telephone. Therefore, think about your posture whilst on the phone. If you are comfortable and relaxed your voice is likely to reflect this. Remember to smile – even though it can’t be seen it will be â€Å"heard† and you will sound friendly and assertive. If you are standing up whilst n the telephone this can also make you sound more assertive, and it is another way of ending a telephone call if you stand up during a conversation. Using a closed question for example is often helpful in stopping an enthusiastic patient digressing from appropriate line s of questioning. Do not rush through the call. Talk at the patient’s pace and pause after providing advice or offering solutions to a problem to allow the patient to air their views about this. Finally agree the time / date for any followup intervention. Remember to give the call your undivided attention!

What influenced the writing of this piece of literature Essay

What influenced the writing of this piece of literature - Essay Example When it was first published, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† did become famous, but it was only for the ability of the author to picturize the Bayou Louisiana so vividly, not for the tremendous social impact her writings had. Chopin’s writings were influenced by her personal life experiences, which were quite extraordinary. Monsieur Valmonde, a Creole gentleman, finds the infant Desiree abandoned by unknown persons near his home .He and his wife bring up the child as their own. Desiree grows up into a beautiful young woman, with whom their young aristocratic neighbor, Armand Aubigny falls in love. They get married, and Desiree is very happy at first. Soon she has a baby son and Armand is proud and happy. He becomes gentle even towards the slaves. Soon it becomes apparent to everybody around her that the baby is of mixed blood .Armand becomes cold towards her and when she asks him what was the meaning of it, Armand tells her bluntly that neither baby nor she is white. In despair, Desiree writes to her adopted mother who tells her to come home with the baby. She asks her husband whether she should go, and he tells her brutally to go. Desiree takes her baby and disappears into the bayou and is never seen again. Some time later, Armand puts everything that belonged to Desiree and her baby into the flames. During that time he comes across an old letter written by his mother to his father which reveals the secret that his own mother was not white. Written in a simple style, the story centers about the complex subject of miscegenation. The protagonist Desiree, is a woman of unknown parentage, who was found â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar†(Chopin) by Monsiur Valmonde, has been brought up as their own daughter by the childless Creole couple, Monsieur and Madame Valmonde. †The prevailing belief was that she had been purposely left by a party of Texans, whose canvas covered wagons, later in the day, had crossed the ferry

Small business management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small business management - Assignment Example The most important customer in this case includes school going children as well as other young people. This helps the business owner to focus on the right group and resources are not wasted by focusing on a large market that does not consist of the targeted customers. The other step that should be taken into account is about identifying the key resources needed to operate this business. The key resources in this case should include the ingredients for making the ice cream. The other resources required include a delivery van equipped with the vending kiosk of the ice cream to the customers. The packaging of the ice cream also constitutes a very important resource that should be procured before the commencement of business. Distribution channel is the mobile vending machine. It can be moved from place to place and these places include schools as well as other busy streets. The product will also be distributed in residential areas since the vending kiosk is mobile and can move from one place to the other. In terms of distribution, effort should be made to ensure that the product is positioned in such a way that it will appeal to the interests of the customers as the best compared to other alternatives available. The other consideration in this model is identification of the cost structure. A budget should be drawn and it should also outline the costs likely to be incurred in setting up this new business venture. This helps to determine the feasibility of the business venture. Lastly, consideration should be taken about the nature of the revenue stream. Effort should be made to establish if the revenue stream can sustain the business venture in the long run. This also helps to determine the course of action that can be taken to turn around the fortunes of the

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy - Essay Example In the context of the United States, presidential doctrines normally consist of attitudes and major goals for the country’s foreign relations as outlined by a seating President. It is of essence to note that Presidential doctrines are usually established in order to address certain events that are ongoing in the international arena, and therefore, the Presidential doctrine presents guidelines on how the country will handle or approach the prevailing regional or global event. The previous research paper, focused on the Reagan doctrine that was developed and implemented during Ronald Regan’s presidency. Troy (2011) stated that the Reagan doctrine was established mainly to curtail or diminish the influence of the Soviet Union during the Cold War era. During the Cold War era, the Soviet Union committed aggressions and oppression on the citizens of the territories that it had occupied and even violated human rights of theses citizens. Therefore, the Regan’s doctrine was aimed at diminishing the Soviet Union hold on these territories and securing the rights and freedom of those who had suffered under the rule of the Soviet Union. The relationship between the United States and Soviet Union prior to the announcement of the Regan’s doctrine According to Graham et al. (2011), the United States and the Soviet Union had long been at loggerheads with each other mainly because of their difference in terms of political and economical ideologies. Prior to the announcement of the Regan’s doctrine, the two countries had been engaged in a battle for supremacy, with the United States constantly trying to diminish the dominance of the Soviet Union both in the Eastern and Western Union, where the U.S had already established political and economic ties. Graham et al. (2011) wrote that the severity of the bad relationship between the two countries was demonstrated when the U.S extended its Marshal plan to the Soviet Union under certain conditions that were known to be unacceptable by the Union. Additionally, prior to the announcement of the Regan doctrine, Troy (2011) wrote that the U.S and its allies in Western Europe opted to strengthen their relationship and spite the Soviet Union. The current relationship between the U.S and the Soviet Union According to the writings by Graham et al. (2011), they wrote that despite the end of the Cold War in November 1989, the U.S and the post-Soviet Russia still do not enjoy a cordial rel ationship. Moreover, certain occurrences have alluded to the existence of a prevailing Cold War between the two nations. Hunt (2009) stated that the two countries have traditionally up-to-date failed to agree on certain global issues. For example, Russia has recently provided asylum for an American whistleblower (Edward Snowden) who is currently wanted in the U.S for espionage charges. Secondly, the U.S and Russia have taken opposing stands on the on-going civil war in Syria whereby the U.S government is seemingly backing the Syrian opposition rebels while Russia is purpotedly supporting the Syrian government. Thirdly, Russia’s President Vladimir Puttin has treated, in numerous occasions, U.S government officials including with Secretary of the State John Kerry, with a demeaning approach. The effect of the Reagan doctrine on regional or global affairs since its

Product Management & Information Systems - Module 2 Assignment

Product Management & Information Systems - Module 2 - Assignment Example Internet shopping has been popular because many consumers have internet-enabled phones through which they download apps such as the eBay mobile app (Maceli, 2011). NPD (New Product Develeopment) involves creation of unique products, modification of product as well as the development of new brands through firms’ research and development. Before developing digital products, the manufacturer has to analyse the prevailing audience and trends because understanding the digital footprint helps comprehend information regarding typical usage, acceptance of digital innovation, expertise in technology use as well as other audience habits. Moreover, the manufacturer has to carryout research on the prevailing competition and opportunity because a lack of thorough market research would not warrant development of new product or service. New product development is often difficult since the necessary information resides in customers while the solution lies in the manufacturer and linking the t wo can be costly and lengthy. However, the development of customer knowledge and channels like the internet enable customers to engage with manufacturers’ new product development processes actively because digital products are leveraged through websites, tablets, smart phones and other mobile devices (Strader, 2011). Figure 1. New product development model New product development can be grouped into various perspectives that include rational planning, communication web and disciplined problem-solving. The rational plan emphasises the role of careful planning in order to have an attractive market as well as a successful execution of the plan based on strong from the support management. Communication web in NPD focuses on independent communication among project team members as well as with outsiders, which stimulates performance of development. NPD processes can be categorised in various stages that include idea generation, product development and testing as well as product lau nch and profit management. Improved NPD process decreases the market risks because it builds on the needs of the customer and focuses on market performance of the product. The rate of technological changes in the past few years necessitates new methods of bringing successful products to the market place. Information technology improves NPD flexibility because NPD requires partnership between members of new product both within and beyond the firm. The use of apps by consumers presents opportunities to both the users and developers because consumers are exposed to more information and use of apps offer an opportunity to developers to create increased array of potential apps for consumers. Moreover, as consumers use apps, the developers can view feedback regarding the apps, which enable the developers to publish updates or even design new products (Maceli, 2011). Currently, the development of applications is different compared to the traditional company development because anyone can p lace the application within an app marketplace. Once apps are in the application store the applications can be sold to consumers or the applications made free but sell advertisements that appear in the app, one of the popular free apps is â€Å"Angry Birds† (Maceli, 2011; Cerf, 2011). In the prevailing competitive world, companies no longer rely on price or even delivery to

Education Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Education - Coursework Example They are mainly used to inspire young people to wake up to reality. In the past I have engaged in different writing such as journals, novel, essays and play (Chandler, 2011). I began by wring essays on issues surrounding education and family affairs then moved to plays and novels on love and romantic. Dwelling much on current social issues are my journal articles produces annually. I have written essays letters and poems frequently in the past and continue with them in the present. Of late I have focused most of my attention to poem and essays. Poems are dedicated to the students in the elementary college and the essays tackles issues surrounding education in the contemporary society. This has motivated to specialize in writing books and journal on education. Record keeping has been my concern right from the beginning. Since I began to write the essays I have all the record and the dates, in which they were published, the record has enabled to explore different areas that are not yet exploited (Rudgley, 2000). I do not like writing under deadlines but I set for myself the time frame to write and produce an article. Working under pressures leads to substandard articles which reflect poor approach. I enjoy most creativity in writing. I can create a fictions story to be a true story. Another issue interesting me writing is that writing is self initiative, no one compels but it is out of willing interest (Chandler, 2011). On the other hand what discourages me about writing is that it is time consuming and other scholar can use your document without permission. This behavior among scholar is rampant and destroys the good work that has been

Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing strategy - Essay Example Pizza Hut follows this strategy: Starting its operations from Kansas, USA and gradually becoming the largest local fast food leaders they entered in Canadian market by opening it first international franchise. Now, Pizza Hut holds the largest number of its pizza chains around the world. To keep their customers knotted with the restaurant, Pizza Hut introduced a variety of different and refined products to satisfy the taste buds of their customers both at local and international level. Pizza Hut guarantees its customer best pizzas in town at competitive prices. Pizza Hut has targeted specifically those customers or the segment of the society those who like to eat out and has a taste for fast foods. Marketing Strategy of Pizza Hut is aimed to target people that fall in the age bracket of 18-55, love to eat out and never hesitate in experimenting something â€Å"new.† Looking at its international marketing strategy, Pizza Hut has entered the international market with touch of local taste mixed with its traditional recipes. Pizza Hut has positioned itself an international and local fast food leader. It offers variety of different fast food items on its menu. Pizza Hut has gained a strong hold in the local market as well. It is known for introducing new products in the market. Pizza Hut always has the advantage of introducing new products in the food industry therefore; Pizza Hut should focus on bringing something innovative in the market on the basis of their customers’ advices and

Understanding Fully Experience on the Perspective of Art Essay Example for Free

Understanding Fully Experience on the Perspective of Art Essay Experience remains to be a subjective issue for persons who happened to encounter important or non-important events in their lives that seem to have made an impact. In terms of art and esthetics, experience also manifests in the condition of subjectivity, however misconceptions and uncertainty arises because of the lack of deeper understanding on how experience affects this field. This paper seeks to elaborate on three arguments presented by John Dewey with regards to his book â€Å"Art as an experience†. Experience according to the essay is vital in the appreciation and understanding of esthetics and art. Experience in this vital sense is defined by those situations and episodes that we spontaneously refer to as being â€Å"real experiences†; those things of which we say in recalling them, â€Å"that was an experience†. (Dewey, 1980, p. 37) The paper will now argue on a point elaborated by the author. The first argument is whether an esthetic experience is deduced in the element of the intellectual or the emotional. Dewey first mentioned the idea’s surrounding esthetic experience to be intellectually oriented and at the same time elaborated on the idea of how these experiences are linked into the emotional side of man. In short, esthetic cannot be sharply marked off from intellectual experience since the latter must bear an esthetic stamp to be itself complete. † (Dewey, 1980, p. 40) In short, the author sees that there must be a balance and correlation between the emotional and intellectual aspects of man in understanding experiences. In response to the first argument presented by Dewey, the paper agrees to the author that a balance must be set in order for esthetic experience to be fully understood. Moreover, one’s ideas is subjective in its sense that application of one aspect alone cannot fully explain and elaborate ones initial or total experience per se. Giving oneself the understanding that to fully appreciate the esthetic value of experience one must be able to bridge the gap and link the emotional as well as the intellectual appreciation of man. The next argument presented by Dewey also has the connection with the first argument he elaborated regarding the idea of emotional and intellectual capacity of man and to associate it with experience. There are therefore common patterns in various experiences, no matter how unlike they are to one another in the details of their subject matter. † (Dewey, 1980, p. 45) In another argument, Dewey points out the idea of doing and undergoing in relation with experience. In this light, Dewey points out that these processes are related in to the concepts related to art; artistic and esthetic. â€Å"Since ‘artistic† refers primarily to the act of production and â€Å"esthetic† to that of perception and enjoyment, the absence of a term designating the two processes taken together is unfortunate. (Dewey, 1980, p. 48) The author tried to point out that these two must never be separated from one another but instead these two ideas are correlated when it comes to experience. Dewey establishes the connection between the four ideas. He linked artistic as a form of doing while esthetic to the concept of undergoing. Dewey further pointed out by saying: â€Å"however as well as the relation that exists in having an experience between doing and undergoing, indicate that the distinction between esthetic and artistic cannot be pressed so far to become a separation. (Dewey, 1980, p. 49) The paper agrees with the author regarding the issue that the idea of undergoing and doing given in the concepts of esthetic and artistic respectively must never be separated in the field of art experience. The paper also agrees with Dewey’s claim that â€Å"to be truly artistic, a work must also be esthetic† (Dewey, 1980, p. 49) There must be a distinct connection between the two ideas since an appreciation of only one aspect would only make the experience incomplete or depriving on the part of the person. To be able to understand fully the art experience given one must be able to combine the feelings of the doer (artist) and in turn internalize the effect it does to the person which is denoted by the process of undergoing (esthetic). The paper agrees to the idea of Dewey by saying: â€Å"art, in its form, unites the very same relation of doing and undergoing, outgoing and incoming energy, that makes an experience to be an experience. † (Dewey, 1980, p. 50) The last argument that the paper will focus on is the idea elaborated by Dewey with regards to the idea of how an individual sees art; perception or recognition. The author emphasizes this importance because this understanding will determine whether an individual fully comprehends and accepts the experience fully given by an art. He first elaborated on the individual meanings of the two and reiterated that it is better for perception to occur rather than recognition. â€Å"Perception is an act of the going-out of energy in order to receive, not a withholding of energy. † (Dewey, 1980, p. 55) He pointed that undergoing the process of recognition rather than perception would only lead to a minimal level of experience that is inadequate or deprived of the full appreciation of the experience. Recognition is perception arrested before it has a chance to develop freely. † (Dewey, 1980, p. 54) In reaction to the argument pointed out by Dewey, I would have to agree that perception is better than recognition in experiencing art. The paper points out this fact because with the idea of recognition, the individual only perceives an art based on the parameters that it is enclosed with. The deeper meaning and concept of an art is not really looked into. On the other hand, perception tries to give a holistic glimpse of the art experience to the individual. Yes, both ideas can give an individual the art experience that it desires however, the previous showcases an experience that is minimal compared to the latter. In conclusion, the paper showcased different arguments presented by Dewey in relation to understanding the art experience felt by individuals. Furthermore, the paper elaborated on issues and arguments that arouses from the idea. The concept of art experience can indeed benefit the individual more if these things were to be understood and studied by each person.

Adventure Outing For Employees Tourism Essay

Adventure Outing For Employees Tourism Essay Adventure Outing Quick fix for your stressed out employees If you take a bunch of people and put them in a challenging place, letting their potential to shine, and their positive energies to blend and if you have an exceptionally good trainer along, the results achieved at the end of it all benefit each member. With this philosophy corporate should send their employees for outings. Adventure trips for employees focus on rejuvenating and recommitting to your employ companys goals. It provides opportunity for people to learn to lead and initiate. The outings that are offered these days are designed keeping the working lifestyle of people in mind. The activities in a corporate outing are refreshing, fun and creative. It is like a holiday devoid your family members with an intention to create good energy in the group and spread a flavor of positivism which stays even after the trip. A few gains for employees from these trips are as follows. Companys interest After recruiting an employs a companys job to keep him onboard begins. In todays time of financial crisis loss of a skilled employee means loss in business. To stop that from happening, companies send their employees for outings periodically. These outings are organized keeping in mind the aim to enhance the skills of their employees. Each outing is chalked out in order to bring out certain level of confidence, raise self esteem and build team work. In the whole process employees also develop number of other qualities. They are Effective decision making through problem solving Employees are asked to gather in groups and play games which would highlight how much they are compatible with each other. These games are aimed at eliminating mental blocks people have and give them a new way of thinking. Apart from teaching all these activities there is lot of fun and laughter where colleagues bond strongly. Adventure activities Adventure activities bring about co-ordination in the group. Unknowingly people learn to make decisions and solve problems. They forget about work pressure and the openness in the environment gives them great opportunity to grow and flourish. The team building exercises that are carried out give employees a lot of time to gel with the mates in a fun way. When people meet in an environment other than offices they discover more about each other. There are talks other than deadlines and projects which are quiet a refreshing. That is what exactly adventure activities do. Adventure sports like rock climbing, rappelling or even strenuous hiking take your mind of general worries of home and family. The sweat and exhaustion is good for your health and mind. Adventure outings are the best way for people who have 9-5 jobs to get away from it and forget about it only to bounce back with a new vigor and bag of ideas.

Why are brands are important?

Why are brands are important? Introduction : Today the brand is a word which we always hear, it has one important place in our societies. However, few people could define really what is the brand. This difficulty shows that the brand is a complex word, sending back in notion highly varied such as the psychology, the sociology, the finance, etc. As regards the marketing aspect, we often tend to confuse product and brand. Whereas the brand bases itself more particularly on (the image, the sensibility, a mission). We can ask ourself, what is a brand? In a definition, Georges Lewi, eminent specialist of the brand says that its the name and the group of the signs of a product, a service, a company that have for vocation to impose by their fame, market share, added value on a defined market segment. More and more, the brands have taken of importance in the management, and more particularly in the marketing. We noticed that the brand is not only a factories, products, but also the brand had a physical value, emotional value and especially financial. The measure of this value called the equity brand. The first is the financiers who show an attention on this notion of brand equity in the 80s. We saw that Perrier had been buy by Nestlà © for 2,4 billion euro, Coca-Cola had offered 800 million euro for the acquisition of Orangina which was worth for only 200 million euro, or sold Buitoni 35 times its profits. From then on, we cannot deny the importance of the brand equity, and the brand in generally, indeed it allows to build a credibility at the consumers, at the investors, and all the company. In this essay we talk about brand equity. In a first time we see that the brand equity has been a attention topic by the academic and practitioner. And after we are going to try to find the most brand equity model in terms of understanding consumer brand perceptions. 2-brand equity interest More of $50 million, it is the considerable costs of introducing a brand into a consumer market. It is a considerable investment and like most investments carries no guarantee of success. The recession focussed marketing managers on cost-saving tactics to increase competitiveness. One of the most important effects was to make brand extensions more compelling. Leveraging the brand equity of a successful brand promises to make introduction of a new entry less costly by trading on an established name. Since the early 1990s, The concept of brand equity has been the subject of a number of studies academics practitioners and academics primarily due to the importance in todays maintaining, marketplace of building and using brands to obtain strategic advantage. The brand equity has been described frequently as the value a brand name adds to a product and this concept refers to the basic idea that a products value to consumers, the firm and the trade is somehow enhanced when it is associated or identified over time with a set of unique elements that define the brand concept. Distinctly, such brand equity endowments come from current or potential consumer learning which influences how the product is encoded and behaved upon by consumers. It stands to reason that such learning is dynamic and influences consumer choice processes and outcomes either directly or indirectly by influencing the effectiveness of the branded products marketing mix elements. This increasing interest observed both in the literature and in the practice for the notion of leading capital is initially aroused for manager reasons. Indeed the managers to face up to a less and less stable request in markets, a more and more intense and international competition, faster and faster technological changes and more and more powerful distributors today. In these conditions of a turbulent market, an option consists in abandoning the marketing and commercial shares on the short-term profits and in adopting a vision longer term based on the construction of powerful brands that is a strong leading capital (Czellar and Denis, 2002). Another reason has also contributed to this interest for the brand equity. Kapferer see in 1998 that the mergers and acquisitions of companies which occurred during the last years, has stir up the problem of the financial evaluation of the value of assets of the firm in generally and the assets of the brands in particular.Two levels of analysis of brand equity are possible: the study of brand equity as value for the consumers customer-based equity brand or as financial value for firms firm-based equity brand . The concept of brand equity have been different definitions in the literature. Aaker defined in 1991 the brand equity as a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand, its name and symbol, that add to or subtract from the value provided by a product or service to a firm ,or to the firms customers. In 1993 Keller proposed a cognitive psychology perspective, distinctive customer-based brand equity as the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. In 1998 Erdem and Swait, dopting an information economics view, they argue that consumer-based brand equity is the value of a brand as a credible signal of a products position. More generally, Farquhar (1989) see that the brand equity is often referred to as the added value to the firm, the trade, or the cons umer with which a brand endows a product, or likewise, as the difference between the value of the product without that branding and the value of the branded product to the consumer (McQueen, 1991). Finally the brand equity has been subject attention because the many studies of consumer brand in different market show that successful brand extensions spent less on advertising than comparable new name products. Considering the savings and against the costs, brand extension may seem like a good alternative for some firm. This concept brand equity is today again one point of discord between the academics and practitioners. So the brand equity will be always a topic studie. Offshore Enterprise in Cyprus: Business Plan Offshore Enterprise in Cyprus: Business Plan

Irony in Tim O’Brien’s How to Tell a True War Story Essay -- How to Te

Irony in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† â€Å"This is true.† (O’Brien, 420) – with this simple statement which also represents a first, three-word introductory paragraph to Tim O’Brien’s short story, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story†, the author reveals the main problem of what will follow. â€Å"Truth† – when looked up in a dictionary, we would probably find definitions similar to sincerity and honesty on the one hand, and correctness, accuracy or reality on the other hand. When looking at these definitions, one can make out two groups of meaning: While sincerity and honesty are very subjective, correctness or accuracy are supposed to be objective by nature. One can be sincere and still not report the truth, due to the simple fact that one does not know any better. Accuracy, however, is supposed to represent facts, bits and pieces of information that paint a picture of an event, untouched by opinion or attitude. In his short story, O’Brien unravels step by step the irony in the double meaning of truth, implied in this first statement, â€Å"This is true†, to the reader which is then woven through the entire story. By trying to characterize what constitutes a true war story, but never really achieving this goal, the true irony of his short story is revealed. Even though in some instances giving away his opinion explicitly, the sheer contradiction of honesty and reality becomes even more visible in an implicit way by following O’Brien’s explanations throughout the story while he deconstructs his first statement. The incongruity between his first statement and what is actually shown in his examples does not need any explicit statements to drive home his message. An interesting combination of recalled events and editorial commentary, the story is not set up like a traditional short story. One of the most interesting, and perhaps troubling, aspects of the construction of â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† is O’Brien’s choice to create a fictional, first-person narrator who might just as well be the author himself. Because â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† is told from a first-person perspective and O’Brien is an actual Vietnam veteran, a certain authenticity to this story is added. He, as the â€Å"expert† of war leads the reader through the story. Since O’Brien has experienced the actual war from a soldier’s point of view, he should be able to present the truth about war... ...r because it seems impossible to reconstruct an event from this objective point of view. Maybe the point of telling stories is not trying to recreate the reality of a past event, but it is the message that matters because that might be in the end the only thing that does not necessarily depend on single details of the story, but on the overall picture of an event. That is why to O’Brien another important component of a war story is the fact that a war story will never pin down the definite truth and that is why a true war story â€Å"never seems to end† (O’Brien, 425). O’Brien moves the reader from the short and simple statement â€Å"This is the truth† to the conclusion that, â€Å"In war you lose your sense of the definite, hence your sense of truth itself and therefore it’s safe to say that in a true war story nohting much is ever very true† (O’Brien, 428). These two statements frame the entire irony of the story, from it s beginning to its end. Almost like the popular saying â€Å"A wise man admits that he knows nothing.† Works Cited O’Brien, Tim. â€Å"How To Tell a True War Story.† The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2003. p. 420-429.

EMF Radiation: Serious Health Hazard for People Essay -- Technology, E

Technology changes everything in this world. Our life has become more convenient and more efficiency which benefits by these new technology. But during this time, some people have considered about some risks of these technologies. EMF radiation is one of them. People have argued for a long time that whether EMF radiation really poses health hazard or not. I insist that EMF radiation is harmful for people’s health and particularly to young children. This opinion can be well proved by all the information I have searched and more people should know about this. First, it’s important to know what EMF radiation is. The full name of EMF is Electromagnetic fields. It’s a kind of area that we may be involved into every time we watching TV, using cell phone, turning on a light switch or using an electric appliance. EMF is a generic term of force generated by magnetic fields or electrical charges. Sometimes, EMF can be considered as a kind of radiation when release energy. When we use some electric appliances, the electromagnetic waves of these appliances will change periodically and produce enough energy to cause ionization. As we all known, ionization can dislodge orbiting electrons from atoms or break bonds which hold molecules together and then producing ions or charged particles. During this process, the production of ions or ionization in our tissues may cause direct damage to cells and cause other health risks. So EMF radiation is also called ionizing radiation. (DCMNR, 2005) This conception maybe a little bit confusing, but i t’s easy to find out that EMF really produces some extra electrons or magnetic field which we have never seen before. So scientists began to do some experiments to figure out that whether EMF has health hazar... ... kind of radiation does mobile phone product. The World Health Organization (WHO) definite the EMF radiation standard as a kind of limitation from electronic devices or of human exposure time from all kind of devices. (WHO, 2006) The exposure standard is basic standard of personal protection in maximum levels. So the EMF can be variety and uncertain. No matter the opponents aware or not, just provide for a rainy day. Technology is a double-edged sword. It can provide us convenient while it may affect our health at the same time. Fortunately, some kind of technology such like EMF radiation has been proved to be harmful and people can prevent it from now on. From my study I am sure that EMF radiation can poses a health hazard for people especially for children and teenagers. All people who really care about their health and their children should know this fact.

Is Rationalisation A Desireable Strategy For Junction Hotel

This essay will be discussing the affects that Junction Hotel would sustain if they were to implement rationalisation as a strategy. Julien Freund (1968) defines rationalisation as â€Å"the organization of life through a division and coordination of activities on the basis of exact study of men's relations with each other, with their tools and their environment, for the purpose of achieving greater efficiency and productivity. † Junction Hotel has recently suffered a fall in customer demand due to the current economic recession; with a new owner and uncertain hierarchical roles within the hotel, their revenue is decreasing rapidly.Through the use of rationalisation, the hotel overall may become more efficient and reduce costs. However, this strategy may have a negative effect on the staff, causing some staff members to become demotivated and inefficient. After various ownership changes the hotel is now owned by second chance consortium, run by business entrepreneur Simon Chan ce. The entrepreneur has analysed the current hotels condition, including all staff members and has highlighted the high amount of stress levels and confusion in management within departments.This creates a negative effect as staff members take situations into their own control. Further evaluating Junction Hotels poor hierarchy structure has caused unnecessary amounts of pressure around the organisation and confusion within the staff as to who their boss actually is. The implications of an unorganised structure of the Junction Hotel have occurred overtime allowing Simon Chance to come to a conclusion that a new change and strategy needs to be applied; thus throughout the essay the strategy of rationalisation will be analysed in terms of its reflected  efficiency within the business.Rationalisation towards the Junction Hotel organisation as a method itself can provide a positive outlook for a strategy as it links to bureaucracy which provides more of a hierarchical structure, a key fundamental element in which the organisation is lacking. This is easily noticeable in junction hotel by such things as, the current general manager Meg never applying an organisational chart towards the business as she sees it unnecessary by having a social leadership style.Rationalisation has been a desirable strategy to an extent for many organisations. An example is Henry Ford (1950) who created the assembly line approach, where products were able to be sent down an assembly line in smaller parts in order to break down a larger process, this allowed production speeds to increase through a more efficient manner. Ford’s theory implied that using rationalisation would reduce overall cost through lean production. Lean production is a process that’s aim is to eliminate any waste, Petterson (2009).The idea is that experienced and trained employees perform repetitive tasks through perfected techniques within their job roles meaning waste would be minimal therefore reduci ng costs spent on materials. This method can be applied to Junction Hotel too, for example in the kitchen the repetition of cooking and preparing food in an assembly line approach will help increase efficiency and speed up the process without having a negative effect on quality, thus through the use of lean production the hotel can reduce cost per customer and reduce waste.Another excellent example of this is the worldwide organisation ‘McDonald’s’ where Rationalisation has a more sociological term as ‘Mcdonaldization’ which was first introduced towards food restaurants by Ray Kroc (1950) this gives us an insight to how McDonalds has similarities towards Henry Ford’s production methods. Although analysing rationalisation as a concept shows clear advantages, there can be potential drawbacks that some theorists may argue. Morgan (2006) also evaluated rationalisation in his articles thinking of organisations more as machines in a semiautonomous m anner making employees ‘behave as if they were parts of machines’.Analysing a more humanist approach he argued how treating people as a machine is degrading towards the human spirit. Furthermore Elton mayo (1984) investigated against rationalisation approach using the ‘Hawthorne experiments’ concluding how managers or observers aswell as colleagues can affect how well people work. Morgan (2006) also looked into human minds and behaviour and argued that even though machines have an everyday use in society negative effects can occur such as affecting the ‘human spirit’ in routinized activities.Rationalisation as an approach towards Junction Hotel can show its advantages in efficiency levels however; even efficiency is not always affected in a positive way as Ritzer (2011) explains using the organisation McDonald’s as his focus, constructing social theories in the organisation about how people’s creativity can be restrained in the re petitive workforce. Ritzer (2011) explains his theory upon how individuals in the workplace are affected by a more psychological perspective.Thinking about the rationalisation approach towards the Junction Hotel may not only limit staff member’s creativity, but make the current workplace more repetitive and therefore dull. Increasing managing customers in an efficient time may also create a negative affect by increasing the workload per person present. Further negative effects from this may also demotivate staff members and cause higher stress levels, already currently indicated from Junction Hotel by the deputy manager Linda Wilkinson.A rationalisation approach towards Junction Hotel as its own concept can show many negative implications however to analyse and overcome the potential disadvantages, linking motivation and personality theories can help manage an overall more efficient approach. Rationalisation can create a dull and repetitive workforce. To help overcome this, f inancial motivational techniques can be applied such as ‘piece pay’ addressed by Cheung (1982), as a fixed amount of workers motivated by the level of output they produce per employee. However this is only an effective approach if money is the element of motivation.Further examples of motivation by financial factors can be bonuses or commission which apply mainly towards sales roles, also motivation can be used with allowances which can include travel as a reward or even medical, to also help show the organisation cares about the well-being of their employees. The examples just discussed show motivational techniques and delegate more time into applying effort towards the Junction Hotels employee job satisfaction; however they can also be ineffective if they are not applied efficiently.An example can be simply advertising a reward appropriately to employees as the reward scheme could not seem as encouraging, initially just decreasing the business profits. However adverti sing the bonus to show the appreciation, rewards individuals instead of groups so each member provides full contribution. Some further disadvantages to consider towards motivational techniques are employees may compare their pay with others creating a demotivating effect.However as the hotel is financially unstable it may not be wise to constantly use financial methods in order to save costs. There are also non-financial methods of motivation. Looking into methods from Kohn (1998) for motivational factors he has evaluated as a ‘longer lasting’ effect. Further examples are; job enlargement to broaden tasks, this helps to reduce repetitive behaviour, job rotation to increase employee’s interest by moving employees through a range of jobs and job enrichment to create greater responsibility and trust.Another example of a non-financial method is team working and empowerment, which will help communication within staff members therefore they can plan their work with pro blems that may occur in the working environment. Relating the non-financial motivational techniques towards Junction Hotel can create job satisfaction and a positive outlook from employees towards the company. However there can be limitations from different individual point of views as Edward and Ryan (1972) discuss how human motivation requires consideration upon psychological needs to the approach; therefore personality also links to motivational techniques.Various types of theories analyse motivational strategies including the famous Abraham Maslow (1964) hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s eight step model is a clear example of analysing motivation with personality by relating it to individual development. Being a humanist psychologist he relates the hierarchy example to realities of personal experiences. Another interesting theory is Frederick Herzberg (1959) looking at views of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.Herzberg has a completely different theory compared to Maslow decid ing to separate his theory into two which are hygiene factors that are more basic fundamental needs for motivation but are not long term and motivational factors for positive employee satisfaction and superior performance. Another theory to illustrate separating two fundamental theories are called the ‘X’ and ‘Y’ theory. The differences between the two theories are one management style applicable for individuals as an authoritarian management style also known as the ‘X’ theory.This analyses a type of person that may need more force or punishment and needs to be directed. The second type of management style is participative management style known as the ‘Y’ theory, which looks more into individuals that are naturally committed to the organisation and have their own self direction. Maslow, Herzberg and Douglas all have similar theories, finding the link between personality and motivation is an important factor to overall help increas e efficiency from employees in the workplace aswell as creating job satisfaction from individuals.There are some criticisms to each theorist for example how Maslow theory is rather broad using his pyramid technique with assumptions that may not necessarily apply to everyone. Herzberg has initially provided a theory which has limitations. This is because although the theory will work a strategy it will vary upon individuals or external factors such as the environment or simply the mood that particular individual is feeling that day . This means individuals can vary and become satisfied or dissatisfied at various days throughout the year because of emotions.At the same time criticisms of Douglas McGregory’s theory (2006) were by his assumptions towards individuals that do not like to work or avoid work and the assumption individuals do not want responsibility. Although evaluating these criticisms about how Maslow, Herzberg and McGregory are fairly broad, they don’t cover all aspects of individual perspectives in a workplace. However, it still provides a beneficial insight into trying to effectively manage employees, which can also be applied to benefit Junction Hotel.Furthermore there many types of theories which link towards motivation. A further theory is ‘Process Theory’ and ‘Content Theory’. Process theory analysing a process that occurs within the individual, discussed by John Stacey Adams (1964) who proposed a theory based on individuals and their relationships with others, aswell as stress levels affecting work negatively. Content theory however defines motivation in terms of the individuals needs for satisfaction.This theory of motivation links more towards the previous theory of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with job satisfaction and individual development. This can be applied to Junction Hotel to help the business acknowledge what motivates their employees to increase efficiency. From assessing various motiv ational theories individual differences have indicated personality is also an important factor within trying to improve job satisfaction for employees within the junction hotel. A further set of approaches when looking into personalities can be Nomothetic, ideographic, and  social–radical.The approach known as nomothetic is a psychologists study upon what we share with others and what makes the specific individual person unique. The nomothetic approach to personality discussed by Whitcomb and Merrell (2013), identifies personality traits and uses group data for its findings to help predict human behaviour and emotional variances, for example questionnaires. Idiographic however by analysing uniqueness in individuals which were affected by past experiences, thus affecting the present behaviour in different situations.Idiographic is much more difficult to measure as there is so many various effects that can effect an individual’s response. The social approach to persona lity is also an important factor as Kohn (1999) discusses individuals to be ‘self- directed in their own orientation’ . This is an excellent example of a link towards Douglas and his ‘Y’ theory, analysing naturally committed self-direction from individuals. Applying nomothetic idiographic or social radical theories towards Junction Hotel can improve the social relationship between staff members.The approaches to observing the unique individual differences in the working environment can create a positive and comfortable atmosphere for employees, therefore improving motivation and efficiency within the working environment. Personality can be complex because of individual opinions between employees within the Junction Hotel, but it can also be affected by the situation. For example Kohlberg used his six stages of development to cover the personality changes, where when questioned and challenged he found it can provide more motivation.His stages reflect the bro ader viewpoints analysing each person in his study that is ‘free to pursue his or her individual interests’ Crain (1985). The Junction Hotel can measure personality by various strategies such as observations, interviews, group activities and questionnaires; however the two main types of collecting information when measuring personality can be quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data measures personality based on opinions and views, whereas quantitative data uses an analysis of statistical information.Quantitative data is a more measurable type of strategy because numbers can be easily calculated to provide an effective conclusion such as in a questionnaire, compared to qualitative data because people do not always respond in the same way in opinions. However both types of strategies can be criticised as false results can be produced because of personal and individual reasons. An example for this is false data from feedback that can be a result from embarrassm ent, creating an ineffective strategy.This show’s because of individual complexity Junction hotel should use various methods as techniques to help measure personality traits. By relating personality changes to situations in the Junction Hotel it shows its importance by indicating the deputy manager’s stressful situation of becoming overworked. This can affect the hotel negatively by allowing her to make poor decisions when in leadership of departments within the organisation. From an overall perspective using the strategy rationalisation as a concept can provide both advantages and disadvantages.The use of rationalisation would help increase consistency to Junction Hotel by creating a better hierarchy flow within the organisation to ensure any issues are dealt with more directly to managers, allowing staff to delegate their efficiency in the workplace. However, although the hotel will have an improved organisational structure it is important to maximise efficiency by l ooking at employee’s perspectives to help eliminate the dehumanizing effect from rationalisation.This is improved by using motivational techniques for job satisfaction aswell using judgement on personality techniques, which is a key element in helping the managers improve their leadership styles aswell as providing a positive environment; thus giving the hotel its prestigious and inviting image that Simon Chance has begun to develop, to which he has named as ‘Golden Standard Service’ providing the hotel to thrive and become competitive. However by implementing rationalisation as a strategy judging by the location within a competitive city, Junction Hotel may become more of a routinized, predictable common franchise.To help increase long term efficiency the hotel must apply a better unique selling point; therefore the use of rationalisation as a strategy can only be applied to an extent. Junction Hotel, located in London is the capital of the United Kingdom and th erefore generates a broader wealthy sector of customers. Applying a unique selling point towards a wealthy target market can therefore help increase the Junction Hotel customer base, by adapting to the main customers behavioural characteristics that attract them to business.An example to help target this specific sector of customers is providing low cost luxury benefits and appearances within the hotel, for a more comforting stay. This increases the organisations opportunity to target upper class customer’s aswell as their unique selling point providing a competitive edge however, this contradicts rationalisation by altering customer needs in forms of luxury in order to maximise customer satisfaction.To conclude although personality and motivational factors can help increase efficiency from the routinized strategy of rationalisation, the strategy can only partially be used, as long term efficiency also determines external factors for a more effective approach. For long term e fficiency and longevity for Junction Hotel as an organisation, the hotel would need to adapt to the individual personalities of employees within the organisation in order to drive motivation aswell as implementing a unique selling point for a target market such as businessmen or women.

Media’s Influence on Civil Rights Movement Essay

â€Å"The brutality with which official would have quelled the black individual became impotent when it could not be pursued with stealth and remain unobserved. It was caught—as a fugitive from a penitentiary is often caught—in gigantic circling spotlights. It was imprisoned in a luminous glare revealing the naked truth to the whole world† – Martin Luther King (8, Kasher) The media controls the way the public views a controversial event. It can create the illusion that everything is perfect by leaving out important information, or can reveal the deplorable truth as the media did during the Civil Rights Movement. It was not always that way though, during the Colonial Era the media glossed over the brutality African Americans faced. It was not until the photography and recorders were invented that the media could really no longer deny the awful reality of the African Americans’ lives. With the Civil Rights Movement as an example, the media has evolved into a more reliable source. As history goes on, African Americans are being reported on more truthfully; the media has evolved into a more objective source containing more factual information. During 1700s, blacks were dehumanized and treated as animals; they cooked, gathered and did anything their master ordered. When they finally took a stance and decided to revolt they were lynched. Yet, in the eyes of the media whites were the heroes. Instead of reporting on the revolts with objectivity, the reporters commonly asserted their opinions into the articles, â€Å"In the past white news media ignored positive images of African American life† (10, Kasher). No matter what the incident was the â€Å"white man† always was superior. Through the media’s perspective, the whites were harmless and superior to the blacks. In an article from the Colonial Era when the slave revolts occurred the slaves were portrayed to be villains. The article stated, â€Å"They conspired to murder all the Christians here and by that means thinking to obtain their Freedom†¦ [They] put their bloody design in Execution and setting fire to a House, they stood prepared with Arms to kill everybody that approach’d to put it out and accordingly barbarously murdered the following persons that were running to the fire†¦This has put us into no small Consternation the whole Town being under Arms† (Boston News Letter, April 14, 1712). Besides objectivity, the article failed to inform the public of the brutalities the slaves faced everyday. Never did the article state what happened to the slaves after the incident either. However, when slavery was abolished the black man was not always viewed as the villain. Nonetheless they were definitely not treated equally compared to whites, which fueled their fight for equal rights. Without the media, the Civil Rights Movement would have never been successful. The pictures and videos of the violence the blacks tolerated from white supremacists helped their cause because the photos and videos were undeniable. No longer were the black people viewed as villains. â€Å"Scenes unthinkable to Americans as American were shown to America and all the world. Public Sympathy and financial support, as well as political backing, flowed to movement organizations† (8 Kasher). The Emmett Till Case was an amazing example of this, the Jet and Chicago Defender (both leading periodicals), reported on the story. The papers both included a picture of his swollen face as the aftermath of his horrific death. His case would transform the minds of many during that decade. From the attention the pictures of Emmett Till caused, the media recognized that shocking pictures made people want to read the articles. Also, the newspapers could not produce fake pictures, which forced them to be more truthful in their stories (Kasher 8). Currently, racism is still an issue in the United States but the press has helped bring awareness to the issue. For example, there are multiple blogs on how the world is still segregated even though there are no laws to support it. With the rise Internet, anyone is able to blog about their opinion on something or bring attention to a problem that is not being covered in the media. According to the book Blog! by David Kline and Dan Burstein, the average writer is over forty, which means there is not a lot of new and fresh ideas brought to the table for newspapers and magazines (373 Kline and Burstein). However, with the new and upcoming trend of blogging there are a variety of opinions and ideas. Also, social networking has enabled people to communicate faster and it’s harder for the government or press to hide certain information from the public in order for our countries reputation to be protected. In respect to racism and how the media reports on it, our country still has a long way to go but has come far. There are still the inevitable reports about African Americans being in gangs and shootings; however there are also stories of African Americans doing amazing things like becoming president. As the press learned during the Civil Rights Movement, people react more to shocking news so that’s probably why there is so many negative events that are broadcasted over the television and newspapers. The Internet has enabled the press to have more accurate and timely stories. The media has evolved into a more reliable source especially compared to Colonial Era. Also with all activity on the Internet the press is no longer the only source of information that the public can receive. That forces the media to be more truthful and value their reader’s trust.

Nvq Health and Socail Care Level 3 Assignment204 a

Abuse Physical Abuse What is physical abuse? Physical abuse is any abuse involving the use of force, this can be: Punching, hitting, slapping, pinching, kicking, in fact any form of physical attack Burning or scalding Restraint such as tying up or tying people to beds or furniture Refusal to allow access to toilet facilities Deliberate starvation or force feeding Leaving the individuals in wet or soiled clothing or bedding as a deliberate act to demonstrate power and strength of the abuser Excessive or inappropriate use of medicationA carer causing illness or injury to someone he or she cares for in order to gain attention Signs and symptoms associated with Physical abuse Pepper pot bruising-small bruises, usually on the chest, caused by poking with the finger or pulling of the clothes tightly. Finger-marks-often on arms or shoulders. Bruising in areas not normally bruised such as inside of thighs and arms. Marks on wrists, upper arms or legs which could be from tying to a bed or fur niture. Burns or scalds in unusual areas such as soles of feet, inside thighs. Ulcers, sores or rashes caused by wet bedding or clothing.Becoming withdrawn or anxious. Loss of interest in appearance. Loss of confidence. Sleeping problems. Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Sexual abuse What is sexual abuse? Sexual abuse is the act in which sexual act have taken place without the persons consent. This can consist of: Sexual penetration of any part of the body with a penis, finger or any object Touching inappropriate parts of the body or any other form of sexual contact without the informed agreement of the individual Sexual exploitationExposure to, or involvement in, pornographic or erotic material Exposure to, or involvement in, sexual rituals Making sexual related comments or references which provide sexual gratification for the abuser Making threats about sexual activities. Signs and symptoms associated with Sexual abuse Marks on wrists, upper arms or legs which could be from tying to a bed or furniture. Becoming withdrawn or anxious. Loss of interest in appearance. Loss of confidence. Sleeping problems. Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Unusual sexual behaviour.Blood marks on underclothes. Recurrent genital/urinary infections. Emotional/psychological abuse What is Emotional/psychological abuse? All the other forms of abuse also have an element of emotional abuse. Any situation which means that an individual becomes a victim of abuse at the hands of someone he or she trusted is, unavoidably, going to cause emotional distress. However, some abuse is purely emotional – there are no physical, sexual or financial elements involved. This abuse can take the form of: Humiliation, belittling, putting down Withdrawing or refusing affection Bullying Shouting or swearingMaking insulting or abusive remarks Racial abuse Constant teasing and poking fun. Signs and symptoms associated with Emotional/psychological abuse Becoming withdrawn or anxious. Loss of interest in appearance. Loss of confidence. Sleeping problems. Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Becoming afraid of making decisions. Flinching or appearing afraid of close contact. Financial abuse What is financial abuse? Many service users are very vulnerable to financial abuse, particularly those who may have a limited understanding of money matters.Financial abuse, like all other forms of abuse, can be inflicted by family members and even friends as well as care workers or informal carers, and can take a range of forms such as: Stealing money or property Allowing or encouraging others to steal money or property Tricking or threatening individuals into giving away money or property Persuading individuals to take financial decisions which are not in their interests Withholding money, or refusing access to money Refusing to allow individu als to manage their own financial affairs Failing to support individuals to manage their own financial affairs. WHERE HAS IT GONESigns and symptoms associated with financial abuse Becoming withdrawn or anxious. Sleeping problems. Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Missing cash or belongings, or bank accounts with unexplained withdrawals. Missing bank account records. Sudden change in attitude to financial matters. Institutional abuse What is Institutional Abuse? Institutional abuse is a type of systematic and organised abuse that mostly goes on in residential and hospital settings However, individuals can be abused in many other ways in settings where they could expect to be cared for and protected.For example: Individuals in residential settings are not given choice over day-to-day decisions such as mealtimes, bedtimes, Freedom to go out is limited by the institutional Privacy and dignity are not respected Personal correspondence i s opened by staff The setting is run for the convenience of staff, and not service users Excessive or inappropriate doses of sedation/medication are given Access to advice and advocacy is restricted or not allowed Complaints procedures are deliberately made unavailable. â€Å"Do you what Me? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just reach for me† â€Å"You can’tReach† â€Å"tough luck then I will just sit here† Signs and symptoms associated with Institutional abuse Becoming withdrawn or anxious. Sleeping problems. Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Self-Neglect What is Self-Neglect? Many people neglect themselves when they are ill or depressed and unable to make the effort or some people neglect themselves as they feel incapable of looking after themselves. Working out when someone is neglecting themselves can be very difficult. Self-neglect can show in many of ways: Lack of personal hygieneLack of care about appearance and clo thing Failure to eat, or to buy food Failure to maintain a clean living environment Not bothering or refusing to obtain medical help Unwillingness to accept any support with daily living Unwillingness to see people or to go out. Signs and symptoms associated with Self neglect Sleeping problems. Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Appearance Neglect by others What is Neglect by Others? This occurs when either a care worker or an informal carer fails to meet the care needs of a person.Neglect can happen because those responsible for providing the care do not realise its importance, or because they cannot be bothered, or choose not, to provide it. As the result of neglect, individuals can become ill, hungry, cold, dirty, injured or deprived of their rights. Neglecting someone you are supposed to be caring for can mean failing to undertake a range of care services, for example: Not providing adequate food Not providing assistance with ea ting food if necessary Not ensuring that the individual is adequately clothed Leaving the individual aloneNot assisting an individual to meet mobility or communication needs Failing to maintain a clean and hygienic living environment Failing to obtain necessary medical/health-care support Not supporting social contacts Not taking steps to provide a safe and secure environment for the individual. Signs and symptoms associated with Neglect by others: Becoming withdrawn or anxious. Sleeping problems Change in eating habits. No longer laughing or joking. Feeling depressed or hopeless. Appearance What you should do if you suspicions that an individual is being abused.As a carer you would record any signs or symptoms of an individual being abused to the line manage, your line manager may ask you to fill in a body chart indicating the location and description of the injuries which would be kept in the office copy of their care plan, you would not document it in the running report in their home as this can be read by anyone. As a carer your observations may add to other observations noticed by other carers or members of the team this will help to safeguard the service user as the line manage will have documentation to refer to the social workers to help this erson What you should do if an individual alleges that they are being abused. You must assume the person is tell the truth, You must be careful not to ask any leading questions e. g. ‘and did he punch you? ‘ you just ask ‘ and what happened? ’ you use your communication and listening skills so that the individual knows that they can trust you, then you would record exactly what the individual says and the details of the situation, you would not write this in the running report it would be documented on a separate document E. g. iece of paper then you would sign and date it and report it to the line manager and you would give them the statement, so that they can take responsibility. If the individual ask you to keep it to yourself, You would explain to them that you have to report this to your line manager as it is your duty of care under to NO SECRET policy and that the only people who will know are people who can help. Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved. You should always record details of the alleged/suspected abuse on a separate piece of paper and sign and date it, if any witnesses were present you should ask for their details e. . name and contact details and have them sign your document, if you have permission take photographic evidence of any physical injuries, collect all reports e. g. financial records, running reports, dietary reports and give it to you line manager so the information can be put into their care plan in a filing cabinet in the office and documented on the computer system National policies to safeguard individuals * Government Department of health – No secrets: Guidance on developing and implementing multi-agenc y policies and procedures to protect Vulnerable adults from abuse POVA Policy is there to prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable people. Local and organisational systems for safeguarding Care Quality Commission (CQC, have a role in safeguarding. It is there to monitor care setting are followed policies and procedures correctly. If you feel that your company is not following these, you have the right to contact CQC and report them. Disclosure and Barring Service DBS was formed by merging together the functions of the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) under the Protection of FreedomsAct 2012. It started functioning on 1 December 2012 and it is there to help prevent unsuitable people from working with children and vulnerable adults Different agencies/services in safeguarding and protecting individuals The importance of commination between different care providers is very important to safeguarding an individual, there can be a lot of different care providers involved in the service user life, this are origination such as:- * social services e. g. social workers, care assistants, the police * health services e. g.Gps, nurses, health visitors * voluntary services e. g. NSPCC, Age UK All origination involved in a service user life, will appoint a person from the health and social care setting to oversee the safeguarding assessment and its outcome, they also inform the police regarding all safeguarding incidents; chairing meetings, including the agreement of responsibilities; actions and time scales; co- coordinating and monitoring investigations and overseeing the convening of safeguarding case and providing information and outcomes to the safeguarding co- predicator.Identify sources of information and advice about own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse. As a carer you would get information and advice from your manager, you would go on training course every 12 months. you can also ge t information from the internet, leaflets or by contacting different agencies such as CQC, also I can look at the policies and procedures and agreed ways of working within the work place.

Scholarly vs Popular Writing

Scholarly versus popular writing among accounting articles through various different resources. Researching the popular Wikipedia. com, an internet website and the Walden library to do a comparison of articles for credibility. Wikipedia. com is not a scholarly resource, on the basis that â€Å"Scholarly writing is usually confined to journals or textbooks, which are more difficult to find in the market place and are usually read by academics. † In an article by ProQuest (2001): â€Å"a publication is considered scholarly if it is authored by academics for a target audience that is mainly academic†, which would then seem to exclude Wikipedia.com from being a scholarly resource. In conclusion, I think it is safe to conclude that with the above mentioned points Wikipedia. com is not a scholarly resource. Wikipedis. com is also not a credible resource for the following reasons. One being that the site can be changed by anyone and that persons credentials can be unknown, irr elevant or nonexistent. The sources or references listed for which the information is based on can be invalid, lack relevance or reliability. A second reason would be what was written may not necessarily had been for academic or professional audiences.Because it is unclear how many other theories were exhausted from consideration, and ideas expressed could be based entirely on biased or opinion. Lastly I would say uncertainty of the accuracy of information provided. In example, dates can be out dated, erroneous, or not based on the facts. All the before mentioned are contributing factors to why I believe Wikipedia. com is not a credible resource. It is permissible to use a non-scholarly resources depending on the quality of the resource used and topic you’re researching.Should I ever be presented with the inability to find a peer reviewed article, I would retreat to the next best thing a highly respected trade publication. Like if I was writing about insurance I would use and accepted trade publication in the insurance industry. Although it might not be scholarly, or as quality as a scholarly article may be, they can sometimes be credible. A credible resource through the internet for the use in the field of management: http://mdpi. com/journal/jrfm. On this site you will find this journal on risk and financial management, which are both under the general umbrella of management.The site not only includes varying topics in management with peer reviewed articles based on in depth research but it also is based on theoretical concepts for academics with practical applications in mind. When determining if the resource I am using biased in its information or viewpoints I would have to ask the following questions. Can the writer benefit from expressing a particular viewpoint? Can the writer benefit by suppressing specific information? Is the information supported by other credible resources? Does the resource support a prejudice or a particular stereo type? Any of these could suggest a resource is biased.

M1A2 AND M2A1 - qualitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M1A2 AND M2A1 - qualitative research - Essay Example M1A1 Identified phenomenon in the workplace that can be explored by qualitative research method and its analysis Significance of effects of stress and attitude on employees’ productivity level is one of the workplace phenomena that can be explored by a qualitative research method. Stress defines response to a physical or mental strain and is a common factor in the workplace because of the scope of people’s lives and the work environment. People combine work and private life and the strain in balancing the two, together with effects of the demands in a worker’s personal life induces stress among workers. Personal attitudes towards other employees and work processes are also common and may be influenced by emotional stability from stress among employees. These factors dictates worker’s focus, and may influence their effectiveness and efficiencies at the workplace. It is therefore important to understand employee’s states and possible effects of the we lfare on organizational processes for managerial initiatives. Understanding stress and attitude indicators among employees and the relationship between levels of stress and employee productivity can for example help in counseling employees with the aim or reducing impacts of stress and poor attitudes in an organization (McGraw Hill, n.d.). Suitability of qualitative research method for the phenomenon: Seven characteristics of a qualitative research The differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods justify the choice of qualitative approach for the proposed study. The study’s epistemological assumptions identify social perspectives in employees’ social lives and this is a characteristic of a qualitative research. The study’s purpose that seeks to understand employees’ experiences with stress and attitude towards decision making also identifies with qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research objectives of establishing relat ionships for forecasting. The type of raw data for the study, expressions regarding stress, attitude, and ability to work, is qualitative and is therefore compatible with a qualitative method. Further, the study’s emphasis on developing an understanding on association among the factors and its non-random sampling approach of a single organization also identify the research with qualitative method. The proposed data collection strategies for, interviews and observation, that allows for simultaneous analysis, and applicable quality criteria such as credibility and dependability of data also justifies the proposed study’s suitability for a qualitative study and not a quantitative one (Agrosy University, 2005). M2A1: Description of a qualitative research scenario for the phenomenon Introduction Stress has been identifies as a significant factor to employee’s productivity levels in an organization with an inverse correlation. This also suggests a negative relationshi p between poor attitude and productivity (Bashir, 2010). The knowledge of significance of stress and attitude on productivity is however not sufficient for preventive measures and further research is necessary on the significance of different stress and attitude levels and the levels’ indicators (Hancock and Szalma, 2008). This research approach to the workplace phenomenon will therefore develop a model of stress and att